Question

How has biotechnology improved the life of diabetic patients

Answer 1

Answer:

hey mate here is Ur answer

Explanation:

The ability of therapeutics and vaccines to treat and prevent diseases has been well documented. Biotechnology has been central to these advances, progressively offering the ability to make more complicated medicines and vaccines, opening up the treatment and prevention of a broader set of diseases

cell therapy has the potential to replace the cells damaged by type 1 diabetes, and Evotec and Sanofi have proof-of-concept for their stem cell-derived beta cells. Imcyse has developed Imotopes, peptides that stimulate CD4+ T cells to kill immune cells that are attacking the pancreas, to cure type 1 diabetes.

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Answer 2

Answer:

• Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.
• Insulin from an  animal source, though caused some patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions to the foreign protein.
• Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges.
• In mammals, including humans, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone (like a pro-enzyme, the pro-hormone also needs to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone) which contains an extra stretch called the C peptide.
• This C peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin.
• The main challenge for production of insulin using rDNA techniques was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.
• In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company prepared two DNA sequences
• corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E.coli to produce insulin chains.
• Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin.