how iron can show variable valency 2 and 3
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Valency depends upon the number of valence electrons. Iron(Fe) consists of 26 electrons in total.
In this regard, iron can exist in ferric or ferrum state.
It is a transition metal and and the valency is due to the number of electrons revolving in the outermost shell of orbit.
Sometimes iron loses its two electrons i.e. 4S ones, and sometimes iron loses only one electron from among the pairs that constitute the 3D orbital form.
In the first case, the valency is 2 while in the second case, the whole constitution is left out unpaired and hence Iron possesses a valency of 3.
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