How irrigation has changed cropping pattern of various regions? Explain
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Irrigation causes a lot of changes on the social landscape.
Excessive irrigation increases the salinization of the soil and also affects the fertility of soil. This leads to changes cropping patterns, hence in many regions farmers are shifting to water intensive and commercial crops.
Irrigation has transformed the social landscape to a large extent by widening the gap between the rich and the poor. For irrigation many multipurpose projects have been introduces. The aim of these projects is to manage the scarcity of water. However a particular group has been sharing of benefits of these projects. This unequal distribution of water among social groups leads to differences between them. The urban areas are benefited more with these irrigation plans and projects compared to the rural.
Irrigation projects also lead to various interstate water disputes. States are landing up in conflicts over benefit sharing and cost sharing issues of the multi-purpose irrigation project.
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Excessive irrigation increases the salinization of the soil and also affects the fertility of soil. This leads to changes cropping patterns, hence in many regions farmers are shifting to water intensive and commercial crops.
Irrigation has transformed the social landscape to a large extent by widening the gap between the rich and the poor. For irrigation many multipurpose projects have been introduces. The aim of these projects is to manage the scarcity of water. However a particular group has been sharing of benefits of these projects. This unequal distribution of water among social groups leads to differences between them. The urban areas are benefited more with these irrigation plans and projects compared to the rural.
Irrigation projects also lead to various interstate water disputes. States are landing up in conflicts over benefit sharing and cost sharing issues of the multi-purpose irrigation project.
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Plant growth and high yields can be achieved by ordered planting in regular patterns to irrigate or supply water to the plants easily and in sufficient quantity as per the requirements of the plants to avoid excess wastage of water and use this excess water for extra cultivable land to increase the gross product.
Eg;
Furrow Irrigation needs ordered furrows to distribute the water over the field. So, this changed the crop pattern to Furrow Pattern.
Free Flood Irrigation needs plane field to easy circulation of water throughout the field.
Border Flooding needs the field into regularly divided strips to irrigate, so, this needs some particular pattern to adopt it.
Check Flood Irrigation needs check embankments or boundaries over small areas.
Basin Irrigation, field should be separated into small basins.
Micro Irrigation systems like Sprinkle and Drip Irrigation systems require conduit arrangement in regular intervals over the field and this made the crop to follow certain pattern.
Row Cropping, Inter Cropping, Multi Grain Cropping, Strip Cropping patterns are related with irrigation such that they minimize water wastage and avoid soil erosion.
So, Method of irrigation and water availability in area decides the Cropping Pattern.
The following points may help you:
a. A well developed irrigation facilities reduce the dependence of farmers on monsoons and ensures regular supply of water.
b. Irrigation facilities also ensures installation of tube wells, pumps in the farm lands that enables the farmer to irrigate large portions of land more effectively.
c. Irrigation also facilitates the construction of dams that helps in generating electricity.
d.Well developed irrigation facilities thus impacts the overall productivity.
e. We may give example of rice which is primarily grown in north eastern regions, in coastal areas, however now because of well developed irrigation system, it has been possible to grow it to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.
f. Better irrigation has contributed in the incraesed production of maize in states like Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Andhra Pradesh.
g. Even sugarcane in Maharashtra can be given as an example.
.h. It has encouraged farmers to go for water intensive crops.
Eg;
Furrow Irrigation needs ordered furrows to distribute the water over the field. So, this changed the crop pattern to Furrow Pattern.
Free Flood Irrigation needs plane field to easy circulation of water throughout the field.
Border Flooding needs the field into regularly divided strips to irrigate, so, this needs some particular pattern to adopt it.
Check Flood Irrigation needs check embankments or boundaries over small areas.
Basin Irrigation, field should be separated into small basins.
Micro Irrigation systems like Sprinkle and Drip Irrigation systems require conduit arrangement in regular intervals over the field and this made the crop to follow certain pattern.
Row Cropping, Inter Cropping, Multi Grain Cropping, Strip Cropping patterns are related with irrigation such that they minimize water wastage and avoid soil erosion.
So, Method of irrigation and water availability in area decides the Cropping Pattern.
The following points may help you:
a. A well developed irrigation facilities reduce the dependence of farmers on monsoons and ensures regular supply of water.
b. Irrigation facilities also ensures installation of tube wells, pumps in the farm lands that enables the farmer to irrigate large portions of land more effectively.
c. Irrigation also facilitates the construction of dams that helps in generating electricity.
d.Well developed irrigation facilities thus impacts the overall productivity.
e. We may give example of rice which is primarily grown in north eastern regions, in coastal areas, however now because of well developed irrigation system, it has been possible to grow it to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.
f. Better irrigation has contributed in the incraesed production of maize in states like Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Andhra Pradesh.
g. Even sugarcane in Maharashtra can be given as an example.
.h. It has encouraged farmers to go for water intensive crops.
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