how is a child born
Answers
Answer:
Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of pregnancy where one or more babies leaves the uterus by passing through the vagina or by Caesarean section.[7] In 2015, there were about 135 million births globally.[8] About 15 million were born before 37 weeks of gestation,[9] while between 3 and 12 percent were born after 42 weeks.[10] In the developed world most deliveries occur in hospitals,[11][12] while in the developing world most births take place at home with the support of a traditional birth attendant
Explanation:
The most common way of childbirth is a vaginal delivery.[6] It involves three stages of labour: the shortening and opening of the cervix, descent and birth of the baby, and the delivery of the placenta.[14] The first stage typically lasts 12 to 19 hours, the second stage 20 minutes to two hours, and the third stage five to 30 minutes.[15] The first stage begins with crampy abdominal or back pain that last around half a minute and occur every 10 to 30 minutes.[14] The pain becomes stronger and closer together over time.[15] During the second stage, pushing with contractions may occur.[15] In the third stage, delayed clamping of the umbilical cord is generally recommended.[16] A number of methods can help with pain, such as relaxation techniques, opioids, and spinal blocks.[15]
Most babies are born head first; however about 4% are born feet or buttock first, known as breech.[15][17] Typically the head enters the pelvis facing to one side, and then rotates to face down.[18] During labour, a woman can generally eat and move around as she likes.[19] However, pushing is not recommended during the first stage or during delivery of the head, and enemas are not recommended.[19] While making a cut to the opening of the vagina, known as an episiotomy, is common, it is generally not needed.[15] In 2012, about 23 million deliveries occurred by Caesarean section, an operation on the abdomen.[20] C-sections may be recommended for twins, signs of distress in the baby, or breech position.[15] This method of delivery can take longer to heal from.[15]
Each year, complications from pregnancy and childbirth result in about 500,000 maternal deaths, seven million women have serious long-term problems, and 50 million women have negative health outcomes following delivery.[5] Most of these occur in the developing world.[5] Specific complications include obstructed labour, postpartum bleeding, eclampsia, and postpartum infection.[5] Complications in the baby may include lack of oxygen at birth, birth trauma, prematurity, and infections.