Question

how is bacterial cells made competent to take a DNA

Answer 1

Hey there.!

As DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, it can't pass through the membranes. Inorder to make bacterial cells capable to take up DNA, they are treated with a divalent cation such as, Ca^+2.

This increases the efficiency with which DNA entera the bacterial cell.

rDNA can be sent into such type of cells by following certian steps:
- incubating the cells with DNA on ice.
- placing them briefly at 42°C (heat shock)
-Placing them back again on ice.



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