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how is biogeography useful for identifying evolutionary relationships

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Why are homologous structures evidence of evolutionary relationships?

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It helps to know what homologous structures are. They are structures in different organisms that all come from a common primitive ancestor, but they differ in their adaptation and the function thereof.  A good example would be the forearm structure of a bat, a whale, and a human.  They all have the same general structure, all have the same number of bones in the structure, but differ in the function.  The bat uses its wing for flying, while the whale uses its fore flipper for steering its massive body.  The human uses its forearm for grasping and holding objects, as well as providing balance while walking upright.  The anatomical similarities in structure are what provide the evidence of an evolutionary relationship between those three organisms.  They simply had a need to adapt thosae structures for the purpose stated, and the offspring that exhibited those traits were the ones that survived in the game of life referred to as "natural selection".