Question

How is citric acid prepared? Give its reactions with conc. HNO3, conc. HI.​

Answer 1

Answer:

It is an organic carboxylic acid and can be extracted from the juice of citrus fruits by adding calcium oxide to form calcium citrate, which is an insoluble precipitate that can be collected by filtration; the citric acid can be recovered from its calcium salt by adding sulfuric acid.

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

Concept:

A weak acid is citric acid. It can exist in two different states: monohydrate and water-free (anhydrous). Typically, citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, and others contain this acid. As a tribasic acid, it is regarded as such. It has no smell, a sour flavor, and takes the form of a white, crystalline substance. Monoclinic crystal structure describes it. Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a scientist, discovered this organic acid for the first time in 1784. It is marketed as "sour salt" because it resembles table salt so closely.

Solution:

To create citric acid solution, mix 1 or 2 pints of distilled boiling water per pound of citric acid crystals (also known as sour salt). Put the citric acid crystals in a non-metal bowl, and while stirring, slowly pour the boiling water into the bowl.

Iodine reacts with conc. $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ and gives Iodic acid $\mathrm{HIO}_{3}, \mathrm{NO}_{2}$

$10 \mathrm{HNO}_{3}+\mathrm{I}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HIO}_{3}+10 \mathrm{NO}_{2}+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

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