Question

How is coordinate covalent bond diffferent from covalent bond?

Answer 1

In a covalent bond, both atoms are contributing same number of electrons to the bond, but in a coordinate covalent bond, two electrons are donated by a single atom.

In a covalent bond, the electronegativity difference between the two atoms can be zero or a very low value, but in coordinate covalent bond, type of a polar covalent bond is forming.

For a coordinate covalent bond to form, an atom in the molecule should have a lone pair but in covalent bond it is not mandatory.

Answer 2

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covalent bond :

The bond formed between two atoms by equal contribution of electrons and mutual sharing of electron pair is called covalent bond

CO ordinate covalent bond :

» It is a special type of covalent bond in this bond an electron pair is shared by the two atoms but the shared electron pair is contributed by only one of the two atoms

»After sharing it becomes common property of both the atoms

»The atom which contributes the electron pair is called donor and the atom which accepts the electron pair for sharing is called acceptor

» The donar atom must have one or two lone pairs of electrons while the acceptor atom is short of two electrons to get it's octet

» It is represented by an arrow mark from donor to acceptor

eg: Formation of the ammonia ion

» In NH3 nitrogen has a lone pair of electrons and H+ has vacant orbital. So NH3 donates lone pair of electrons to H+ ion and forms NH4+ ion

Properties :

These compounds dissolves in non polar solvents like benzene CCl4

These compounds do not conduct electricity