how is democratic form of government maintains its accountability
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Accountability
In its democratic political aspect, decentralization as currently conceived and increasingly practiced in the international development community has two principal components: participation and accountability. Participation is chiefly concerned with increasing the role of citizens in choosing their local leaders and in telling those leaders what to do—in other words, providing inputs into local governance. Accountability constitutes the other side of the process; it is the degree to which local governments have to explain or justify what they have done or failed to do. Improved information about local needs and preferences is one of the theoretical advantages of decentralization, but there is no guarantee that leaders will actually act on these preferences unless they feel some sort of accountability to citizens. Local elections are the most common and powerful form of accountability, but other mechanisms such as citizen councils can have limited influence.
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The analysis of the quality of democracy requires a joint definition of democratic quality – that is, a definition of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ democracies. Its complex nature necessitates the introduction of five principal dimensions – the rule of law, accountability, responsiveness, freedom and equality/solidarity – for empirical definition of the democratic quality and, more importantly, for the identification of the factors that subvert the democratic balance in old and new regimes. This analytical framework differs from other studies by advancing the importance of combining both quantitative and qualitative measures in studying the quality of democracy.
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