How is environment degradation a non traditional and human security threat
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From conceptual standpoint of social-sciences security is ambiguous and elastic in its meaning. Since the nineteenth century, state has been focus of the concept of security. Realists defined security in terms of power, mainly the military capability of the state to face external threats coming from other similar states. This understanding of security was predominant in international relations till the cold war period but after the cold war there has been paradigmatic shift in the understanding of this term. It started being understood as human security and takes into consideration the nonmilitary security threats, such as environmental scarcity and degradation; the spread of disease; overpopulation; mass refugee movements; nationalism; terrorism; and nuclear catastrophe. The human security paradigm attempts to address critical questions about who is secure and who is not, and whose interests are served. To study how environmental degradation is causing security threat, Ferghana region of Central Asia has been the focus of this paper since it is ecologically one of the most fragile regions of the world, encompassing territory of three Central Asian states namely Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
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