Question

how is environment is polluted by means if transport​

Answer 1

Answer:

by their smoke , burning of fuel,

Answer 2

Answer:

1. Energy Consumption in Transport and Environmental Pollution:

Transport requires energy mainly for vehicle operation and to some extent also for manufacturing of the vehicle. Figure 7.1 depicts the transport energy system and pollution.

Transport Energy System and Pollution

The energy consumption in transport sector is the main cause of pollution. There are significant differences in fuel efficiencies between various modes of transport, for example, consumption of energy in cars is more among urban transport modes. Although there has been a significant improvement in the fuel efficiency in cars and other automobiles. It is estimated that in developed countries like UK. The traffic increases up to 142 per cent predicted for the year 2025, the energy consumption will continue to increase substantially, in spite of fuel efficiency measures.

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2. Air Pollution:

Transport is a major source of air pollution not only in developed but in developing countries also. Ecologists believe that the rapid increase in the number of vehicles on our roads, which has taken place without any real restriction, is fast devel­oping into an environmental crisis. Exhaust fumes are the major source of atmospheric pollution by the motor vehicle.

The main pollutants are outlined below:

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(i) Carbon monoxide (CO):

This is a poisonous gas caused as a result of incomplete combustion;

(ii) Un-burnt hydrocarbons (HC):

This is caused by the evapo­ration of petrol and the discharge of only partially burnt hydrocarbons;

(iii) Other gases and deposits:

Nitrogen oxides, tetraethyl lead and carbon dust particles;

(iv) Aldehydes:

Organic compounds containing the group CHO in their structures. The average quantity of pollutants emitted by petrol and diesel driven vehicles is depicted in Table 7.1.

Pollutants Emitted by Petrol and Diesel Driven Vehicles

It is clear that very large amount of pollutants are being emitted from various forms of transport into the air that we breathe. These emissions are also responsible for the increase in ‘global warming’. The most obvious way of achieving a reduction in pollution by motor vehicles is to reduce the emission of fumes at source. A short-term solution is likely to be made by medica­tions to the present type of engine and to improve combustion within the exhaust system, as Japanese manufactures have done in many cases.

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3. Noise Pollution:

Another side’ effect of transport systems is the noise pollution. It is estimated that some 135 million people in OECD countries suffer transport noise levels in excess of 65 db. Figure 7.2 shows the noise levels from different sources including transportation.

The sources of noise from road vehicles are many and varied, including break squeal, door slam, loose loads, horns, over-amplified music systems, etc. Rail noise depends on the form of propulsion, the nature and load, the speed of train and the type of track. The noise pollution problems around airports are well known.

Noise Levels from Different Sources

4. Land Consumption and Landscape Damage:

The provision of land-based transport requires the direct utili­sation of land. Long strips of land are consumed, and large areas effectively divided into smaller ones (severance). Previous land uses, such as forestry, agriculture, housing and nature reserves, may be displaced, and zones adjacent to the new development rendered unsuitable for wide range of activities.

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