How is farming in the mountains different from farming in the plains?
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Farming is the most noble, patience testing and disciplined occupation. But the fact is that it is underrated, unrecognised, unremunerative and least preferred occupation in India. It is the only production system which is based on natural production/regeneration, rather than exploitation of natural resources. Therefore, the ecology or natural environment have greater influence over the farming system of a particular region.
Farming system is a complex system, critically related to the existing ecology, which means the local climate, weather, rainfall, vegetation, topography and geographical situation – all have relation to the farming system in a particular region. In this way, cropping practises differ from region to region, and from place to place. Similarly, in a particular region cropping system and intensity differ from land type to land type.
Our agriculture system categorises land on the basis of this system. The low lands are best lands which are suitable for paddy, the middle lands are best for short duration paddy and uplands are used for pulses, oilseeds, maize, etc. All this depend on the concerned crop’s water requirement. Paddy, sugarcane, etc need more water, while wheat, millet, maize, vegetables are less water dependent crops. There are certain crops which grow on standing water, while there are others which need irrigation intermittently, still there are others which can’t stand stagnant water.
Apart from these three types, there is another type of land which may be termed as ‘slope lands’ or higher lands. Tribal farmers normally own such type of lands and grow all sort of indigenous crop varieties – paddy, millets, pulse, oilseeds, vegetables, tubers. Remember that tribal farming system is more ‘subsistence’ in nature than ‘profit making’. They grow crops only for their own consumption, in the toughest of lands.
Since agriculture is mainly dependent on irrigation and rainfall; cropping pattern do change accordingly. The low and middle lands exhibit greater water retention capacity, while the sloppy and mountainous lands feature dry and arid soils, where fewer microbe activity contribute to less land fertility. However, over centuries farmers have developed specific varieties of local crops to suit to the local climate and geography.
Farming system is a complex system, critically related to the existing ecology, which means the local climate, weather, rainfall, vegetation, topography and geographical situation – all have relation to the farming system in a particular region. In this way, cropping practises differ from region to region, and from place to place. Similarly, in a particular region cropping system and intensity differ from land type to land type.
Our agriculture system categorises land on the basis of this system. The low lands are best lands which are suitable for paddy, the middle lands are best for short duration paddy and uplands are used for pulses, oilseeds, maize, etc. All this depend on the concerned crop’s water requirement. Paddy, sugarcane, etc need more water, while wheat, millet, maize, vegetables are less water dependent crops. There are certain crops which grow on standing water, while there are others which need irrigation intermittently, still there are others which can’t stand stagnant water.
Apart from these three types, there is another type of land which may be termed as ‘slope lands’ or higher lands. Tribal farmers normally own such type of lands and grow all sort of indigenous crop varieties – paddy, millets, pulse, oilseeds, vegetables, tubers. Remember that tribal farming system is more ‘subsistence’ in nature than ‘profit making’. They grow crops only for their own consumption, in the toughest of lands.
Since agriculture is mainly dependent on irrigation and rainfall; cropping pattern do change accordingly. The low and middle lands exhibit greater water retention capacity, while the sloppy and mountainous lands feature dry and arid soils, where fewer microbe activity contribute to less land fertility. However, over centuries farmers have developed specific varieties of local crops to suit to the local climate and geography.
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farming in the mountains different from farming the Planes because they have different relief of the land
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