How is federalism practised in India explain with the help of following hints linguistic states,language policy,centre states relations, decentralization and some other in 5 appropriate points(in context of class ncert political science)
Answers
Linguistic states:
After independence in 1947, the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states. This was done so that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state. Example: Jharkhand, Nagaland and Uttarakhand.
Language policy:
The Indian constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. 21 other languages were also recognised as scheduled languages by the constitution. States have their own language.
Centre-State relations:
Improving this relations is one more way by which federalism is strengthened in India. The practice of the same party ruling at the centre and in most of the state's changed after 1990, with the rise of regional parties in many states and the beginningn of era of coalition government
(i) Two or more levels of government :
Federalism is a system of government in which the governmental power is divided between a central authority and its various constituent units. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country, and the other governments at the state or provincial level. ,
(ii) Same Citizens Separate jurisdiction : Different tiers of the government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
(iii) Superiority of Constitution : The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of the government are specified in the Constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of the government are constitutionally safeguarded. ‘
(iv) Rigid Constitution : The fundamental provisions of the Constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of the government. Such changes require the consent of the both the levels of the government.
(v) Supreme authority of the courts : Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution, and the powers of different levels of the government. The highest court acts as an umpire in case of disputes arising between different levels of the government in the exercise of their respective powers, (of) Dual objectives : The federal system,
thus has dual objectives : to safeguard and promote the unity of the country, while at the same time, to accommodate the regional diversity.