How is hardness of water caused plzzzz answer this question its urgent
Answers
Hi there,
(detailed explanation)
Water becomes hard by being in contact with soluble, divalent, metallic cations. The two main cations that cause water hardness are calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). Calcium is dissolved in water as it passes over and through limestone deposits.
Water which contains the high concentration of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, lime, chalk, and etc are determined as hard water. Hard water also contains bicarbonates and sulfates but Calcium and magnesium are the most abundant minerals in hard water. The hardness of the water mainly depends upon the concentration of the calcium & magnesium in the water. If the concentration of the calcium is less than & equal to 160 ppm (Part Per Million) then water is referred as soft water but if the concentration of the calcium in water is above 160 ppm then it is regarded as hard water.
As hard water contains the high concentration of minerals in it so this water has moderate health benefits but in the case of industries, it causes a critical problem. Minerals present in the hard water get deposited on the machine such as a boiler, cooling tower, coffee machine, and etc which may damage the machine permanently or may reduce the efficiency of the machine.
Hard water also creates a problem in the washing and cleaning because the high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions present in the water block the foaming action of the soap and detergent. It also affects human health, bathing under hard water could cause various skin disease such as eczema because hard water makes your skin dry. Minerals present in the water gets deposited on your scalp which leads to hair problem such as hair fall because deposition of minerals blocks the root of the hair.
Only some multivalent cations can cause hardness of water . No anion can cause hardness .
Some cations which cause hardness : Ca+2,Mg+2,Fe+2,Mn+2,Sr+2,Ba+2
Keeping in mind that only some cations can cause hardness , hardness is classified based on the anion present .
Temporary hardness :when anion is Bicarbonate
Permanent Hardess : when anion is one of chlorides, sulfates ,nitrates,silicates etc
Hope it helps
Best of Luck
Regards
Answer:
In some areas of the country hard water is caused by a high mineral content, which are generally calcium and magnesium. This hardness is largely due to groundwater that flows over or through limestone.