how is impure copper purified by electrolytic refining ? draw a labelled diagram to illustrate it.
Answers
Copper can be extracted from its ore by heating it with carbon. Impure copper is purified by electrolysis in which the anode is impure copper, the cathode is pure copper and the electrolyte is copper sulphate solution.
An alloy is a mixture of two elements, one of which is a metal. Alloys often have more useful properties than the metals they contain.
Extraction and purification of copper
Copper is less reactive than carbon, so it can be extracted from its ores by heating it with carbon. For example, copper is formed if copper oxide is heated strongly with charcoal, which is mostly carbon:
copper(II) oxide + carbon → copper + carbon dioxide
2CuO + C → 2Cu + CO2
Removing oxygen from a substance is called reduction. The copper oxide is reduced to copper in the reaction above.
Electrolysis
Copper is purified by electrolysis. Electricity is passed through solutions containing copper compounds, such as copper(II) sulphate. Pure copper forms on the negative electrode.
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