how is instantaneous velocity calculated? give the formula .
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Answer:
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The formula for instantaneous velocity can be derived from several methods. For this answer, we will go from two methods. When you are given a model (read equation) for how a particle or mass moves (displacement), how quickly the object moves between two points will define its velocity. The less time or displacement you allow to pass between your measuring points, the more likely your answer is your instantaneous velocity. The relationship is shown as given:
V = lim {Δt→0} (S1-S2)/(Δt)
where S= displacement, t=time, 1 and 2 denote different points of measurement
As it just so happens, when you push the denominator of the above equation to zero, interesting things happen. In math, when you divide by zero, you obtain a singularity. In this case, you aren’t dividing by zero as much as you are observing the behavior as the time get REALLY REALLY small. What you end up with is the following equation:
V=dS/dt
This is treated as the velocity at an incredibly small time frame, so as to be at exactly one instant or the instantaneous velocity.
The other method is to start from the acceleration-side. Assume you are given the model (an equation) for how a body accelerates. If you were to make a graph with the acceleration being the vertical axis and the time being the horizontal axis, you end up with a curve of some form. If you were interested in finding out the velocity of the body accelerated, (on the horizontal axis) you just add up all of the area between the starting time and the time you want to find the velocity of, (on the vertical axis) between the horizontal axis and your curve up to the time you want to know the velocity of. This would be a good approximation. If you want the instantaneous velocity, you just more accurately measure the area below your curve. The math representation of this is:
V = Integral(a(t)dt, {t1, t2})
where a(t) is the acceleration as a function of time, t is time, 1 and 2 are the points of measurement