how is magnesium chloride formed by the transfer of electrons why does the solution of magnesium chloride conduct electricity
Answers
As we know, each atom, except the noble gases, react, as they want to have their last shell to be full. The last shell of electrons in an atom can have a maximum of 8 electrons, which each of the noble gases have, and hence they don't react.
But all other elements do not have a complete last shell (or valence shell) and either share electrons (and form covalent bonds) or donate and receive electrons (and form ionic bonds).
An atom is always electrically neutral, as the protons (positive charge) in the nucleus and the electrons (negative charge) around the nucleus are equal in number. This equal number and opposite charge cancels each other's charge fully, making the atom electrically neutral. But when an electron is donated, the number of electrons is reduced by one, and hence there is one proton more than the number of electrons, giving it a positive charge. If an atom received an electron, the same logic applies, and it gets a net negative charge.
Now, magnesium has 2 extra electrons, and if it gives them away, it will have the eight electrons in its valence shell, whereas chlorine has 7 electrons, and if it receives one, it will get 8 electrons in its valence shell.
The magnesium gives two electrons, but the chlorine receives only one electron. Hence 2 chlorine atoms are required to take magnesium's electrons. Now, magnesium has lost 2 electrons, and gets "2+" positive charge, as it has two protons more than electrons. And each of the two chlorine atoms gets a single "-1" charge, as they have one electron more than the protons.
Now, as positive and negative attract vigorously, the two elements combine (one magnesium atom and two chlorine atoms) to form the compound magnesium chloride, that is MgCl2.
This is an ionic bond formed by the donation and acceptance of electrons, and each of the atoms have charges.
Now, when this is dissolved in water, the water molecules attract these ions and force them to separate. This happens in almost every ionic bond when dissolved in water. When they are separated, they have charges and are in the form of ions, and hence conduct electricity, by the movement of these ions in the solution.
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solution of magnesium chloride conducts electricity because an ionic compound is associate into ions when dissolved in water and hence conduct electricity