How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human being? Explain clearly how the air
is inhaled and exhaled during breathing in humans.
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Explanation:
exchange of gases by respiration...............
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Exchange of gases in tissues:
a. Most of oxygen is carried by haemoglobin in blood. On reaching the tissues, it gets diffused into the cells as it is in higher concentration than in the cells.
b. The carbon dioxide, which is formed in the cells, gets accumulated there in higher concentration as compared in the blood, now diffused into the blood.
c. The CO2 mostly dissolved in blood plasma reaches the lungs, from where it is expelled out during exhalation.
Mechanism of Inhalation:
The thoracic cavity expands when diaphragm and rib muscles contract. The thorax moves upwards and outwards, increasing the volume inside thoracic cavity. The air pressure in the cavity decreases, hence the air rushes into the lungs through nostrils, trachea and bronchi.
Mechanism of Exhalation :
Exchange of gases between alveolar sacs and blood occurs and air having CO2 enters the alveoli. The thoracic cavity comes back to its original size as diaphragm muscles relax. Air containing CO2 is exhaled out through bronchi, trachea and nostrils.
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