how is poverty line estimated in india?
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(i)The poverty line in India is estimated by a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical
requirement, etc., for subsistence. These physical quantities are multiplied by their prices in rupees.
(ii) Food requirement is taken in the desired calorie requirement. Required calories are provided by the food items, such as cereals, pulses, vegetable,
milk, oil, sugar, etc., together. The calorie needs are different depending on age, sex and the type of work that a person does.
(iii) The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in
urban areas. Calorie requirements in rural areas are considered to be higher than in urban areas because people living in rural areas are often
involved in more physical work.
(iv) The monetary expenditure per capita needed for buying these calorie requirements in terms of food grains, etc., is revised periodically(normally every five years) by conducting sample surveys with the estimation of the rise in prices. These surveys are conducted by the National Sample Survey
Organisation (NSSO).
(v) On the basis of these calculations, for the year 2011-12, the poverty line for a person was fixed at `816 per month and `4,080 per month for a
family of five members living in rural areas and `1000 for a person and `5,000 per month for a similar family in urban areas. Although there is
less calorie requirement in urban areas, but the amount of poverty line has been fixed higher than rural areas because people get many essential products in urban areas at high prices
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