How is protein formed from DNA
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ARTICLE Proteins – what they are and how they’re made EXPLORE
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Proteins are the key working molecules and building blocks in all cells. They are produced in a similar two-step process in all organisms – DNA is first transcribed into RNA, then RNA is translated into protein.
From Mendel to DNA
The rediscovery of Mendel's work in 1900 began a series of revelations about genetics that would continue throughout the 20th century. What were some of these revelations?
Upstream of individual genes, sequences of DNA called promoters determine when proteins are produced and in what amounts.
What is a protein?
Proteins are the major ‘working molecules’ within every organism. Among their many jobs, proteins catalyse reactions, transport oxygen and defend organisms from infection. They’re also crucial building blocks of organisms. They are the major components of wool, cartilage and milk, they package up the DNA in chromosomes and they insulate the cells of the nervous system. In short, proteins are hugely important!
Proteins are made of large numbers of amino acids joined end to end. The chains fold up to form three-dimensional molecules with complex shapes – you could think of it as origami with a very long and thin piece of paper. The precise shape of each protein, along with the amino acids it contains, determines what it does.