How is ramanuja theory of bhakti different from that of shankaracharya
Answers
Adi Sankaracharya stressed the path of Jnana and his interpretation of Hindu scripture is known as Advaita Vedanta. Sri Ramanujacharya stressed the path of Bhakti and his interpretation of Hindu scripture is known as Vishishtadvait Vedanta. In my opinion both these Vedantic schools are partially right. There is support for both these positions in Hindu scripture.
Ignorance
Advaita Vedanta says that ignorance of Brahman has created this world. Ignorance, which is the opposite of knowledge (jnana-virodhi), is not something negative. It has a positive character (bhavarupa).
It has two powers: (1) the veiling power (avarana-shakti) and (2) the power of projection (vikshepa-shakti). Ignorance has the power to cover or veil the Reality, which is Brahman, and also the power to project this world on the veiled or covered Reality.
The world is the product of mula-avidya. The individual ego, which is part of this world, is also the product of mula-avidya. Consciousness associated with this ego is called the Atman or the Jivatman. Between the Jivatman and Brahman (Paramatman) there is a thin veil of ignorance. It is like a cloud that does not all an individual to see the sun. In this analogy the Brahman is the sun and the patch of cloud is the ignorance of the individual. When this individual’s ignorance is dispelled by the knowledge of Brahman, he or she will have the experience of Brahman.
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