Question

How is respiration regulated?​

Answer 1

The respiratory rhythm centre present in the medulla region of the brain is primarily responsible for the regulation of respiration. The pneumotaxic centre can alter the function performed by the respiratory rhythm centre by signalling to reduce the inspiration rate.

The chemosensitive region present near the respiratory centre is sensitive to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. This region then signals to change the rate of expiration for eliminating the compounds.

The receptors present in the carotid artery and aorta detect the levels of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions in blood. As the level of carbon dioxide increases, the respiratory centre sends nerve impulses for the necessary changes.

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Answer 2

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➽ The ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm according to the demand of the body tissues is due to the neural control.Respiratory rhythm centre located in the medulla of the brain, is primarily responsible for this regulation. Pneumotaxic centre present in the pons of the brain functions as the “switch off" point for regulation; by altering the duration of inspiration, it can alter the respiratory rate.Achemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre; it is highly sensitive to carbon dioxide by hydrogen ions.An increase in the concentration of these substances activates this centre which in turn sends signals to rhythm centre to make necessary adjustments in the respiratory process.Receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery also are sensitive to carbon dioxide and rhythm centre. Oxygen plays only an insignificant role in the regulation of respiratory rhythm.