How is soil treatment done.
Answers
Soil treatment can be used to make contaminated soil usable for agriculture and other purposes. If soil contains chemicals or wastes such as oil, alkali or some other non-degradable material, this can be treated using microbes. Soil contamination can be caused by a number of activities, such as the inappropriate disposal of industrial waste, sewage, agricultural chemicals, and so on. Moisture holding capacity, aeration, and nutrients are depleted in polluted soil.
Government initiatives to improve food cultivation techniques to satisfy the growing population is driving soil treatment, however, a lack of knowledge and awareness in underdeveloped countries about the significance of soil treatment is restraining the market. New and green technologies will generate growth of the market, along with demand from developed nations.
Soil treatment types can be classified as:
- Organic amendments (compost, crop residue, animal dung, and sewage sludge among others).
- pH adjusters (such as gypsum and aglime among others).
- Soil protection (pest and weed control).
- Soil treatment technologies can be classified as:
- Biological treatment.
- Physicochemical treatment.
- Thermal treatment.
Biological treatment consists of biosparing, phytoremediation, bioventing, bioremedation. Physicochemical treatment includes electric resistance heating, soil flushing, chemical oxidation, soil vapour extraction (SVE), fracturing, solidification and stabilisation. pH adjustors, soil protection, organic amendments are also types of soil treatment. Weed and pest control are subtypes of soil protection and this area holds the largest market share. Crop residue, sewage sludge, manure, and compost are types of organic amendments, of which crop residue is emerging as a potential market. Gypsum and Aglime are the key pH adjusters for soil treatment.
The soil treatment market can be segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa. U.S., Germany, UK, France, China, Japan and India will fuel the growth of market in future. Asia-Pacific is expected to become the largest market, due to the rising population and increasing food demand.
Key companies leading in soil treatment markets are Monsanto Company, AgraQuest, Syngenta AG, Solvay S.A., AMVAC Chemical Corporation, Novozymes A/S, Kanesho Soil Treatment, Arysta Life Science, Arkema S.A, BASF SE.
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Answer:
Treatment Methods for Contaminated Soil
Soil can be contaminated by many different human activities when hazardous substances are not used, stored or disposed of safely. Instances of soil contamination are highest in urban areas and former industrial sites, where manufacturing, industrial dumping, land development, waste disposal, and excessive pesticide or fertilizer use could potentially occur.
Some contaminants, such as agricultural chemicals, are applied to the soil surface. Others are released below the surface, due to leaks from buried tanks, sewage pipes, or landfills. Atmospheric contaminants containing hazardous substances can also cause problems. Furthermore, contamination is not always limited to a specific site and can seep through the soil into groundwater or be carried to nearby land and waterways in rainwater, or Common treatment methods for contaminated soil
After testing to determine the type and level of contaminants present, soil can be subjected to remediation techniques for the purposes of site decontamination. This can be carried out in-situ, or soil may excavated and removed for treatment ex-situ.
Options for treating contaminated soil include:
Biological treatment/bioremediation uses bacteria to break down substances in the soil
Chemical oxidation converts contaminated soils into non-hazardous soils
Soil stabilisation involves the addition of immobilizing agents to reduce a contaminants’ leachability
Physical methods, like soil washing, use water to separate or remove contaminants
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