how is the brain of an autistic child different from the brain of a normal child
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Answer:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs). Over the past decade, neuroimaging studies have provided considerable insights underlying neurobiological mechanisms of ASD. In this review, we introduce recent findings from brain imaging studies to characterize the brains of ASD across the human lifespan. Results of structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies dealing with total brain volume, regional brain structure and cortical area are summarized. Using task-based functional MRI (fMRI), many studies have shown dysfunctional activation in critical areas of social communication and RRBs. We also describe several data to show abnormal connectivity in the ASD brains. Finally, we suggest the possible strategies to study ASD brains in the future.
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Neuroimaging, Magnetic resonance image (MRI), Functional MRI (fMRI), Diffusion tensor image (DTI).
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Answer:
The connections within a brain bring it to life. And it’s the brain cells or neurons that act as the messengers. “When a brain cell is active, it creates an electrical impulse and that gets propagated to other cells in the brain. We think that electrical activity holds the basis of thought and behavior and how the brain functions.
When comparing the functional connectivity of ASD brains and unaffected brains, researchers see that there are some networks with lower connectivity, especially in patterns where the distance between brain regions is greater.
“In autism there’s short-range over-connectivity and long-range under-connectivity. “So, for tasks that require us to combine or assimilate information in different parts of the brain, like social function and complex motor tasks, individuals with autism have more trouble. And when there’s a very specific task focused with the single brain region that’s primarily involved—activities like paying attention to specific features in the world around us, individuals with autism tend to be quite good or even better than normal.”
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