Question

How is the focal how is the focal length related to the thickness of the lens?

Answer 1

A thick lens has small radius of curvature because it is part of a smaller sphere. Hence it has smaller focal length

A thin lens has large radius of curvature because it is a part of larger sphere.

Hence it has a larger focal length.

I can also give you the relation between focal length and radius of curvature of lenses

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