how is the impulses transmit through the neurons
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Answer:
An impulse travels along the neuron pathways as electrical charges move across each neural cell membrane. Ions moving across the membrane cause the impulse to move along the nerve cells.
The difference in electrical charge on each side of the cell membrane (caused by differing numbers of positively and negatively charged ions) produces a resting potential. Neurons have a resting potential of approximately 70 millivolts (mV).
Specifically, the cell membrane proteins pump sodium ions (Na+) out of the neuron and pump potassium ions (K+) into the neuron. Active transport mechanisms and leaking back and forth of both the Na+ and K+ ions produce a negative charge on the inside of the neuron’s cell membrane.
An impulse begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by a stimulus in the environment. The cell membranes begin to change the flow of ions and a reversal of charges, the action potential, results. An impulse that changes one neuron, changes the next. The impulse movement continues along the pathway in this way.
When the impulse reaches the end of one neuron (the axon), the impulse reaches a synapse. A synapse is the space between neurons. This space is filled with neurotransmitters, chemicals which allow the impulse to travel through the synapse to the next neuron.
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