How is the movement of currents influenced by prevailing winds?
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Corruption is a poison which has been spread in the mind of wrong people of the society, community and country. It is the mistreatment of public resources just for getting some unfair advantage to fulfil little wish. It is concerned with the unnecessary and wrong use of both power and position by anyone whether in the government or non-government organization. It has affected the growth of the individual as we well as the nation and reduces income. It is a big reason of inequalities in the society and community. It affects the growth and development of the nation in all aspects like socially, economically and politically
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Movements of ocean water: Waves, Tides and Ocean Currents
Our Geography notes continue. Having covered the most important concepts in land, we are now dealing with the water (hydrosphere). In the last article, we have seen the ocean bottom topography. In this comprehensive post, we will cover the movements of ocean water – waves, tides and ocean currents. We hope the notes will turn highly handy for quick learning and last-minute revision.
Movements of ocean water: The classification
You all know that the ocean water is never still. There are different types of movements of ocean water under the influence of different physical characteristics like temperature, salinity, density, etc. Movements of ocean water are also affected by external forces like the sun, moon and the winds.
Waves
Waves are nothing but the oscillatory movements that result in the rise and fall of water surface.Waves are a kind of horizontal movements of the ocean water.They are actually the energy, not the water as such, which moves across the ocean surface.This energy for the waves is provided by the wind.In a wave, the movement of each water particle is in a circular manner.A wave has two major parts: the raised part is called as the crest while the low-point is called as the trough.
Tides
Tide are the periodical rise and fall of the sea levels, once or twice a day, caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the sun, the moon and the rotation of the earth.They are a vertical movement of waters and are different from movements of ocean water caused by meteorological effects like the winds and atmospheric pressure changes.Note: The water movements which are caused by the meteorological effects like the said above are called as surges and they are not regular like tides.The moon’s gravitational pull to a great extent is the major cause of the occurrence of tides (the moon’s gravitational attraction is more effective on the earth than that of the sun).Sun’s gravitational pull and the centrifugal force due to the rotation of earth are the other forces which act along with the moon’s gravitational pull.
Flow Tide and Ebb Tide
A flow tide or a flood tide is a rising tide or incoming tide which results in a high tide.It is thus the time period between a low tide and a high tide (i.e., the rising time).Ebb Tide is the receding or outgoing tide. It is the period between high tide and low tide during which water flows away from the shore.
Types of Tides
A. Tides based on the frequency
Semi-diurnal Tide: They are the most common tidal pattern, featuring two high tides and two low tides each day.Diurnal Tides: Only one high tide and one low tide each day.Mixed Tide: Tides having variations in heights are known as mixed tides. They generally occur along the west coast of North America.
B. Tides based on the sun, the moon, and the earth’s positions
1. Spring Tides: When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line, the height of the tide will be higher than normal. These are called as a spring tides. They occur twice in a month-one on the full moon (Poornima) and the other on the new moon (Amavasya).
2. Neap Tides: Normally after seven days of a spring tide, the sun and the moon become at a right angle to each other with respect to the earth. Thus, the gravitational forces of the sun and the moon tend to counteract one another. The tides during this period will be lower than the normal which are called as the neap tides. They also occur twice in a month- during the first quarter moon and the last quarter moon.
Magnitude of Tides
Tidal Bore
When the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave/ waves of water that travel up a river or a narrow bay against the direction of the river or bay’s current, it is called as a tidal bore. The Indian rivers like the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, etc exhibits tidal bores.
Inter-Tidal Zone
The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore and seashore and sometimes referred to as the littoral zone, is the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide (i.e., the area between the tide-marks).
Ocean Currents
The ocean currents are the horizontal flow of a mass of water in a fairly defined direction over great distances.They are just like a river flowing in an ocean.Ocean currents can be formed by the winds, density differences in ocean waters due to differences in temperature and salinity, gravity and events such as earthquakes.The direction of movement of an ocean current is mainly influenced by the rotation of the earth
Our Geography notes continue. Having covered the most important concepts in land, we are now dealing with the water (hydrosphere). In the last article, we have seen the ocean bottom topography. In this comprehensive post, we will cover the movements of ocean water – waves, tides and ocean currents. We hope the notes will turn highly handy for quick learning and last-minute revision.
Movements of ocean water: The classification
You all know that the ocean water is never still. There are different types of movements of ocean water under the influence of different physical characteristics like temperature, salinity, density, etc. Movements of ocean water are also affected by external forces like the sun, moon and the winds.
Waves
Waves are nothing but the oscillatory movements that result in the rise and fall of water surface.Waves are a kind of horizontal movements of the ocean water.They are actually the energy, not the water as such, which moves across the ocean surface.This energy for the waves is provided by the wind.In a wave, the movement of each water particle is in a circular manner.A wave has two major parts: the raised part is called as the crest while the low-point is called as the trough.
Tides
Tide are the periodical rise and fall of the sea levels, once or twice a day, caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the sun, the moon and the rotation of the earth.They are a vertical movement of waters and are different from movements of ocean water caused by meteorological effects like the winds and atmospheric pressure changes.Note: The water movements which are caused by the meteorological effects like the said above are called as surges and they are not regular like tides.The moon’s gravitational pull to a great extent is the major cause of the occurrence of tides (the moon’s gravitational attraction is more effective on the earth than that of the sun).Sun’s gravitational pull and the centrifugal force due to the rotation of earth are the other forces which act along with the moon’s gravitational pull.
Flow Tide and Ebb Tide
A flow tide or a flood tide is a rising tide or incoming tide which results in a high tide.It is thus the time period between a low tide and a high tide (i.e., the rising time).Ebb Tide is the receding or outgoing tide. It is the period between high tide and low tide during which water flows away from the shore.
Types of Tides
A. Tides based on the frequency
Semi-diurnal Tide: They are the most common tidal pattern, featuring two high tides and two low tides each day.Diurnal Tides: Only one high tide and one low tide each day.Mixed Tide: Tides having variations in heights are known as mixed tides. They generally occur along the west coast of North America.
B. Tides based on the sun, the moon, and the earth’s positions
1. Spring Tides: When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line, the height of the tide will be higher than normal. These are called as a spring tides. They occur twice in a month-one on the full moon (Poornima) and the other on the new moon (Amavasya).
2. Neap Tides: Normally after seven days of a spring tide, the sun and the moon become at a right angle to each other with respect to the earth. Thus, the gravitational forces of the sun and the moon tend to counteract one another. The tides during this period will be lower than the normal which are called as the neap tides. They also occur twice in a month- during the first quarter moon and the last quarter moon.
Magnitude of Tides
Tidal Bore
When the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave/ waves of water that travel up a river or a narrow bay against the direction of the river or bay’s current, it is called as a tidal bore. The Indian rivers like the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, etc exhibits tidal bores.
Inter-Tidal Zone
The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore and seashore and sometimes referred to as the littoral zone, is the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide (i.e., the area between the tide-marks).
Ocean Currents
The ocean currents are the horizontal flow of a mass of water in a fairly defined direction over great distances.They are just like a river flowing in an ocean.Ocean currents can be formed by the winds, density differences in ocean waters due to differences in temperature and salinity, gravity and events such as earthquakes.The direction of movement of an ocean current is mainly influenced by the rotation of the earth
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