How is the soil formed? Describe
The black soil
A:
Answers
Answer:
Soil is formed by breaking down of rocks at or near the surface of the Earth through various physical, chemical, and biological processes by various factors such as the sun, water, wind, and living organisms. ... These cracks lead to the breaking up of huge rocks into smaller pieces.
Black soil: Black soils are mineral soils which have a black surface horizon, enriched with organic carbon that is at least 25 cm deep.
Answer:
Factors affecting soil formation
Soil forms continuously, but slowly, from the gradual breakdown of rocks through weathering. Weathering can be a physical, chemical or biological process:
physical weathering—breakdown of rocks from the result of a mechanical action. Temperature changes, abrasion (when rocks collide with each other) or frost can all cause rocks to break down.
chemical weathering—breakdown of rocks through a change in their chemical makeup. This can happen when the minerals within rocks react with water, air or other chemicals.
biological weathering—the breakdown of rocks by living things. Burrowing animals help water and air get into rock, and plant roots can grow into cracks in the rock, making it split.
The accumulation of material through the action of water, wind and gravity also contributes to soil formation. These processes can be very slow, taking many tens of thousands of years. Five main interacting factors affect the formation of soil:
parent material—minerals forming the basis of soil
living organisms—influencing soil formation
climate—affecting the rate of weathering and organic decomposition
topography—grade of slope affecting drainage, erosion and deposition
time—influencing soil properties.
Interactions between these factors produce an infinite variety of soils across the earth’s surface.
Black soil is also known cotton soil and internationally it is known as ‘Tropical Chernozems’. This is the third largest group in India. This soil is formed from rocks of cretaceous lava.