Question

How is translation of mRNA terminated? explain ​

Answer 1

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Translation of mRNA is terminated when a stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) occupy A site of ribosome. Stop codons are not recognised by tRNAs and thus a release factor (RF) protein binds to the complex and hydrolyses the bond between last tRNA and amino acid.

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Answer 2

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The Three Steps of Translation -

• Translation is the second step in the central dogma that describes how the genetic code is converted into amino acids. We've talked about how the mRNA codes are recognized by tRNA and how the amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. A chain of amino acids is also called a polypeptide. Polypeptides are assembled inside the ribosomes, which are tiny organelles on the rough ER of a cell.

Initiation -

• During initiation, the mRNA, the tRNA, and the first amino acid all come together within the ribosome. The mRNA strand remains continuous, but the true initiation point is the start codon, AUG. Remember that the start codon is the set of three nucleotides that begins the coded sequence of a gene. Remember also that the start codon specifies the amino acid methionine. So, methionine is the name of the amino acid that is brought into the ribosome first.

Elongation -

• The next step makes up the bulk of translation. It's called elongation, and it's the addition of amino acids by the formation of peptide bonds. Elongation is just what it sounds like: a chain of amino acids grows longer and longer as more amino acids are added on. This will eventually create the polypeptide.