How is transpiration and translocation different from each other.
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Answer:
Transpiration refers to the movement of water vapor through the stoma to the atmosphere. It is considered as the essential evaporation of water through the leaves. The 10% of the atmospheric moisture is contributed by the transpiration whereas the rest of it is from the evaporation. Guttation is a similar process to transpiration in which some plants exudate the drops of xylem sap on the edges of the leaves.
Plants absorb water in the soil through their roots and transport it upward through the stems by the xylem. This water comes to the leaves and is mainly involved in the photosynthesis. The rest of the water is evaporated out from the leaves through the stoma. Transpiration can also occur through the stoma in the stems.
Translocation refers to the movement of nutrients from leaves to the other parts of the plant body. Plants produce its organic substances inside the leaves in a process called photosynthesis. Glucose is the small sugar produced by the photosynthesis. Glucose is converted to sucrose in the leaves for the temporary storage. Typically at night, the sucrose is uploaded to the phloem. The phloem transports sucrose throughout the plant body. Sucrose and other organic substances transported by the phloem are called assimilates. Assimilates are loaded to the phloem at the source. Assimilates are released from the phloem at the sink. The transportation of assimilates occurs by the sieve elements of the phloem. The sieve elements join to each other at their ends, forming a continuous column. The transportation of assimilates by the phloem occurs through a concentration gradient. At the source, assimilates are actively loaded to the sieve elements. This decreases the water potential of the sieve element at the source. Water enters the sieve cells from the xylem, increasing the pressure inside the sieve element and pulling the contents through the column. At the sink, the removal of assimilates reduces the pressure of the column. The pressure difference between the source and sink serves as the driving force of the passage of assimilates.
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