How is urine produced in kidney
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♦ In complex organisms such as animals, including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called the excretory system. Excretory system in human beings consists of a couple of kidneys and ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.
♦ Blood contains both useful and harmful substances. Hence, we have kidneys which separate useful substances by reabsorption and toxic substances by producing urine.
♦ Kidney has a structural filtration unit called nephron where the blood is filtered. Each kidney contains a million of nephrons. Capillaries of kidneys filter the blood and the essential substances like glucose, amino acids, salts, and required amount of water are reabsorbed.
♦ Meanwhile, the pure blood circulates back to other parts. Excess water and nitrogenous waste in humans are converted to urine.
♦ Urine thus produced is passed to the urinary bladder via the ureters. The urinary bladder is under the control of Central Nervous System.
♦ The brain signals the urinary bladder to contract and through the urinary opening called urethra, we excrete the urine.
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The kidneys are made up of millions of the microscopic units called nephrons which are surrounded by the network of blood capillaries. Blood which enters the kidney through the renal artery contains unwanted waste substances as well as some useful substances. The nephrons remove the waste substances and convert it into urine. They also re absorbed substances that are needed by the body and put it back into the blood. The blood that finally leaves the kidney leaves the kidney is pure, devoid of all wastes and contains the right amount of water and other useful substances required in the body. The urine that is formed in the kidneys is sent to the ureters for its further temporary collection in the urinary bladder. When the bladder is full the urine is expelled to the outside through the urethra.
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