How is vaccine formed produced
Answers
Answer:
Vaccines are made by taking viruses or bacteria and weakening them so that they can't reproduce (or replicate) themselves very well or so that they can't replicate at all. Children given vaccines are exposed to enough of the virus or bacteria to develop immunity, but not enough to make them sick.
Answer:
Vaccines are made by taking viruses or bacteria and weakening them so that they can’t reproduce (or replicate) themselves very well or so that they can’t replicate at all. Children given vaccines are exposed to enough of the virus or bacteria to develop immunity, but not enough to make them sick. There are four ways that viruses and bacteria are weakened to make vaccines:
Change the virus blueprint (or genes) so that the virus replicates poorly. This is how the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines are made. The virus blueprint is changed by a technique called cell culture adaptation [adapting a virus to grow in specialized cells grown in the lab instead of the cells it normally grows in]. Because viruses can still, to some extent, make copies of themselves after cell culture adaptation (and therefore are still alive), they are often referred to as live, attenuated (or weakened) viruses.
Destroy the virus blueprint (or genes) so that the virus can’t replicate at all. This is how the “killed” polio vaccine (or polio shot) is made. Vaccine virus is made by treating polio virus with the chemical formaldehyde. This treatment permanently destroys the polio genes so that the virus can no longer replicate.
Use only a part of the virus or bacteria. This is how the Hib, hepatitis B, and (in part) pertussis vaccines are made. Because the viral or bacterial genes are not present in the vaccine, the viruses or bacteria can’t replicate.
Take the toxin that is released from the bacteria, purify it, and kill it so it can’t do any harm. Some bacteria cause disease not by replicating but by manufacturing harmful proteins called toxins. For example, bacteria like diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough) all cause disease by producing toxins. To make vaccines against these bacteria, toxins are purified and killed with chemicals (such as formaldehyde). Again, because bacterial genes are not part of the vaccine, bacteria can’t replicate.