How lakes formed EVS
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Answer:
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Answer and Explanation:
How Lakes Are Formed?
All lakes fill bowl-shaped depressions in the Earth’s surface, called basins. Lake basins are formed in several ways.
Many lakes, especially those in the Northern Hemisphere, were formed by glaciers that covered large areas of land during the most recent ice age, about 18,000 years ago.
The huge masses of ice carved out great pits and scrubbed the land as they moved slowly along. When the glaciers melted, water filled those depressions, forming lakes. Glaciers also carved deep valleys and deposited large quantities of earth, pebbles, and boulders as they melted. These materials sometimes formed dams that trapped water and created more lakes.
Many areas of North America and Europe are dotted with glacial lakes. The U.S. state of Minnesota is nicknamed “The Land of 10,000 Lakes” because of the number of glacial lakes. Many lakes in North America, including the Great Lakes, were created primarily by glaciers.
Some lake basins form where plate tectonics changed the Earth’s crust, making it buckle and fold or break apart. When the crust breaks, deep cracks, called faults, may form. These faults make natural basins that may fill with water from rainfall or from streams flowing in the basin. When these movements occur near the ocean, part of the ocean may be trapped by a new block of land thrust up from below the Earth’s surface. The Caspian Sea was formed this way. Lake Baikal was also formed by the movement of tectonic plates.
Many lakes form as a result of volcanoes. After a volcano becomes inactive, its crater may fill with rain or melted snow. Sometimes the top of a volcano is blown off or collapses during an eruption, leaving a depression called a caldera. It, too, may fill with rainwater and become a lake. Crater Lake, in the U.S. state of Oregon, one of the deepest lakes in the world, was created when ancient Mount Mazama’s volcanic cone collapsed.
Not all lakes are created by basins filling with water. Some lakes are formed by rivers. Mature rivers often wind back and forth across a plain in wide loops called meanders. During periods of flooding, a swollen, rushing river may create a shortcut and bypass a meander, leaving a body of standing water. This type of small lake is called an oxbow lake, because its shape resembles the U-shaped frame that fits over an ox’s neck when it is harnessed to pull a wagon or a plow.
Lakes may also be created by landslides or mudslides that send soil, rock, or mud sliding down hills and mountains. The debris piles up in natural dams that can block the flow of a stream, forming a lake.
Dams that beavers build out of tree branches can plug up rivers or streams and make large ponds or marshes.
People make lakes by digging basins or by damming rivers or springs. These artificial lakes can become reservoirs, storing water for irrigation, hygiene, and industrial use. Artificial lakes also provide recreational use for boating, swimming, or fishing.
Artificial lakes can provide electricity through hydroelectric power plants at the dam. Lake Mead, in the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, was formed when the Hoover Dam was built during the Great Depression. The dam was built to control the unpredictable Colorado River and provides electricity to the western United States.
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