how lead and bismuth be purified
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complex ores are the main source of bismuth. The common bismuth concentration in them is several hundredths of a percent, sometimes they reach 0.2%. Bismuth gets into the crude lead during the processing from which it is separated after refining. Bismuth is extracted using magnesium and calcium which transfer it as CaMg2Bi2 in dross, the surface layer. Another way of separation also is utilized using potassium and magnesium. Electrolytic refining during which bismuth passes into slimes is also applied.
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