how limestone dissolved
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Water in the atmosphere can dissolve small amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2 ). This results in rain water having a small amount of carbonic acid (H2CO3) when it falls on the Earth's surface. This results in dissolution of much of the limestone if the reaction continues to take place over a long period of time.
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Limestone is one familiar form of calcium carbonate. Acids in acid rain promote the dissolution of calcium carbonate by reacting with the carbonate anion.
This produces a solution of bicarbonate. Because surface waters are in equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide there is a constant concentration of carbonic acid, H2CO3, in the water.
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