How make cloroform liquid
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You would proceed by using the haloform reaction of hypochlorite bleach and acetone. Please proceed with caution and note the caveats:
Buy acetone and a gallon of 6% sodium hypochlorite bleach. Make sure to get bleach without other additives.
In a well ventilated space, measure out sixty grams of acetone. Pour the bleach in to either a large glass container (so that you can see the reagents), or, if that is not available, an HDPE bucket. The reagents will not attack HDPE, but you will be less able to see the chloroform as it forms.
Pour the acetone in to the bleach. Mix gently, either by stirring or swirling the mixture. The temperature will rise by about 30C as the reaction proceeds, so be aware that if you want to do this with any more concentrated reagents (for example, 8.25% or 10% bleach), you will need to prechill the reagents in a freezer to avoid boiling off the chloroform and causing a hazardous condition. At 6% concentration, it is still practical to begin with reagents at room temperature, but the reaction vessel may become too hot to hold with bare hands.
Leave the mixture to separate and cool for an hour. If working in glass, you should now be able to see a small, separate blob of denser liquid at the bottom of your flask or container. Decant off the large amount of other liquid above it. If you have a separatory funnel, separate it that way; otherwise, you may have to use an eye dropper or some other finicky technique to capture the denser chloroform while leaving the aqueous phase behind.
Crude yield from this proceeding is typically 50-70%, around 75g. You may find the small volume disappointing given the gallon of starting material. That's chemistry for you ;-).
IMPORTANT: the resulting material is still far too impure for human consumption. If you're using it to kill insects, or for home TLC, or as a solvent, this doesn't matter. But if you plan for whatever reason to ingest some of it, you should purify it by distillation over sulfuric acid (the 19th century method) or else by more modern means.
Buy acetone and a gallon of 6% sodium hypochlorite bleach. Make sure to get bleach without other additives.
In a well ventilated space, measure out sixty grams of acetone. Pour the bleach in to either a large glass container (so that you can see the reagents), or, if that is not available, an HDPE bucket. The reagents will not attack HDPE, but you will be less able to see the chloroform as it forms.
Pour the acetone in to the bleach. Mix gently, either by stirring or swirling the mixture. The temperature will rise by about 30C as the reaction proceeds, so be aware that if you want to do this with any more concentrated reagents (for example, 8.25% or 10% bleach), you will need to prechill the reagents in a freezer to avoid boiling off the chloroform and causing a hazardous condition. At 6% concentration, it is still practical to begin with reagents at room temperature, but the reaction vessel may become too hot to hold with bare hands.
Leave the mixture to separate and cool for an hour. If working in glass, you should now be able to see a small, separate blob of denser liquid at the bottom of your flask or container. Decant off the large amount of other liquid above it. If you have a separatory funnel, separate it that way; otherwise, you may have to use an eye dropper or some other finicky technique to capture the denser chloroform while leaving the aqueous phase behind.
Crude yield from this proceeding is typically 50-70%, around 75g. You may find the small volume disappointing given the gallon of starting material. That's chemistry for you ;-).
IMPORTANT: the resulting material is still far too impure for human consumption. If you're using it to kill insects, or for home TLC, or as a solvent, this doesn't matter. But if you plan for whatever reason to ingest some of it, you should purify it by distillation over sulfuric acid (the 19th century method) or else by more modern means.
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