how mammals larynx is different in having 1. arytenoids 2.circoids 3.thyroid beonchi 4.none
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Animals other than humans also use a wide range of vocal communication methods, such as the frog’s croaking, the bird’s chirping, the wolf’s howling, and the whale’s calls. However, only some reptiles and mammals produce sound from their vocal cords. The majority of other reptiles and amphibians do not vocalize. Frogs generate sound from tracheal ridges in their tracheae and birds produce sound from the syrinx right above the tracheal bifurcation, but the muscles that control these movements are primarily controlled by the hypoglossal nerve. This is different from the larynx of humans and other mammals Malignant neoplasms and recurrent nerve paralysis in the larynx can occur in animals as well as humans, and can be recreated in laboratory models. There have not been any reports of observations of vocal cords due to abnormal changes in animals’ vocalization, so it is impossible to determine whether animals can develop vocal cord polyps, vocal cord nodules and polypoid vocal cords. However, animals’ voices do not become hoarse as a result of excessive chirping or howling. Neither do animals lose the ability to vocalize when they are breathless from running. The timbre of their voices changes in various circumstances, such as reproductive activities, but they certainly do not lose the ability to say even a single word due to nervousness when the beloved appears before their eyes, nor do their voices quaver or rise. Animals vocalize when they stick out or raise the cervical region together with the lower jaw, or as part of energetic physical expression, such as movements of the tail or trunk. Vocal behavior on its own is very unusual. In other words, animals’ vocalization is an integral part of the animal’s feelings and physical action, and is not compelled nor taken to the point of exhaustion, neither is it a reaction to the fetters of mental tension. Meanwhile, in mammals, alveoli, which are the dead ends of the respiratory tree, are blind ending, but a diaphragm exclusively for air intake was formed from the infrahyoid muscles, which were the source of air intake during the age of amphibians. Gas exchange takes place with the vertical movements of the diaphragm and the exhalation achieved by the elasticity of the lungs/thorax and the internal intercostal muscles. This also means that mammals do not have to wriggle their bodies to exhale, and can exhale vigorously by constricting their abdominal muscles. In other words, the exhaled air became actively involved in the respiration process, which had merely taken in air and stored it. As a result, the larynx that had stored air thus far now began to modurate exhalation. When the exhalation flow is narrowed as a result of the constriction of the glottis, the pressure on the undersurface of the vocal cords rises, but when the glottis completely closes, intrapleural pressure and intraperitoneal pressure also heighten, which helps in bowel movement, urine, and childbirth. Moreover, since the thorax becomes rigid when intraperitoneal pressure rises due to the breath hold, the shoulders above the thorax also become immobile, which stabilizes the upper extremity’s fulcrum and enhances the upper extremity’s efficiency of movement. Vocalization is one part of this regulation of respiration using the vocal cords.
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