How many countries did Yugoslavia split into?
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The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s. After a period of political crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused bitter inter-ethnic Yugoslav wars. The wars primarily affected Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighboring parts of Croatia.
Breakup of Yugoslavia
Animated series of maps showing the breakup of the
SFR Yugoslavia from 1991 through 1992. The colors represent the different areas of control.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia(1943–1992) Croatia (1991–) Slovenia (1991–) Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1995), after Croatian Army Operation Storm (1995) and after UN Transitional Administration in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1996–1998), part of Croatia Republic of Macedonia (1991–) Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (1991–1994), part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–) Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1997), part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–) Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia(1993–1995), part of Bosnia and Herzegovina(1995–) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003),Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006), Montenegro(3 June 2006–), Serbia (5 June 2006–) and Kosovo(17 February 2008–) Republika Srpska (1992–1997), part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–)
Date25 June 1991 – 27 April 1992
(10 months and 2 days)LocationYugoslaviaOutcomeBreakup of SFR Yugoslavia and formation of independent successor states
After the Allied victory in World War II, Yugoslavia was set up as a federation of six republics, with borders drawn along ethnic and historical lines: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. In addition, two autonomous provinces were established within Serbia: Vojvodina and Kosovo. Each of the republics had its own branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia party and a ruling elite, and any tensions were solved on the federal level. The Yugoslav model of state organization, as well as a "middle way" between planned and liberal economy, had been a relative success, and the country experienced a period of strong economic growth and relative political stability up to the 1980s, under the rule of president-for-life Josip Broz Tito. After his death in 1980, the weakened system of federal government was left unable to cope with rising economic and political challenges.
In the 1980s, Albanians of Kosovo started to demand that their autonomous province be granted the status of a constituent republic, starting with the 1981 protests. Ethnic tensions between Albanians and Kosovo Serbs remained high over the whole decade, which resulted in the growth across Yugoslavia of Serb opposition to the high autonomy of provinces and ineffective system of consensus at the federal level, which were seen as an obstacle for Serb interests. In 1987, Slobodan Milošević came to power in Serbia, and through a series of populist moves acquired de facto control over Kosovo, Vojvodina and Montenegro, garnering a high level of support among Serbs for his centralistpolicies. Milošević was met with opposition by party leaders of the western republics of Slovenia and Croatia, who also advocated greater democratization of the country in line with the Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia dissolved in January 1990 along federal lines. Republican communist organizations became the separate socialist parties.
Breakup of Yugoslavia
Animated series of maps showing the breakup of the
SFR Yugoslavia from 1991 through 1992. The colors represent the different areas of control.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia(1943–1992) Croatia (1991–) Slovenia (1991–) Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1995), after Croatian Army Operation Storm (1995) and after UN Transitional Administration in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1996–1998), part of Croatia Republic of Macedonia (1991–) Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (1991–1994), part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–) Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1997), part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–) Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia(1993–1995), part of Bosnia and Herzegovina(1995–) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003),Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006), Montenegro(3 June 2006–), Serbia (5 June 2006–) and Kosovo(17 February 2008–) Republika Srpska (1992–1997), part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–)
Date25 June 1991 – 27 April 1992
(10 months and 2 days)LocationYugoslaviaOutcomeBreakup of SFR Yugoslavia and formation of independent successor states
After the Allied victory in World War II, Yugoslavia was set up as a federation of six republics, with borders drawn along ethnic and historical lines: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. In addition, two autonomous provinces were established within Serbia: Vojvodina and Kosovo. Each of the republics had its own branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia party and a ruling elite, and any tensions were solved on the federal level. The Yugoslav model of state organization, as well as a "middle way" between planned and liberal economy, had been a relative success, and the country experienced a period of strong economic growth and relative political stability up to the 1980s, under the rule of president-for-life Josip Broz Tito. After his death in 1980, the weakened system of federal government was left unable to cope with rising economic and political challenges.
In the 1980s, Albanians of Kosovo started to demand that their autonomous province be granted the status of a constituent republic, starting with the 1981 protests. Ethnic tensions between Albanians and Kosovo Serbs remained high over the whole decade, which resulted in the growth across Yugoslavia of Serb opposition to the high autonomy of provinces and ineffective system of consensus at the federal level, which were seen as an obstacle for Serb interests. In 1987, Slobodan Milošević came to power in Serbia, and through a series of populist moves acquired de facto control over Kosovo, Vojvodina and Montenegro, garnering a high level of support among Serbs for his centralistpolicies. Milošević was met with opposition by party leaders of the western republics of Slovenia and Croatia, who also advocated greater democratization of the country in line with the Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia dissolved in January 1990 along federal lines. Republican communist organizations became the separate socialist parties.
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