how many electrons in lithium sodium potassium cosium francium
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lithium 3
sodium 11
potassium 19
rubidum 37
cosium 55
francium 87
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Publisher Summary
This chapter discusses the discovery, isolation, abundance, and distribution of the alkali metals—lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. The group 1 elements are soft, low-melting metals that crystallize with bcc lattices. All elements are silvery-white except cesium, which is golden yellow in color. Lithium is harder than sodium but softer than lead. The chapter illustrates the atomic, general, physical, and chemical properties of alkali metals. All the alkali metals have characteristic flame colorations because of the ready excitation of the outermost electron, and this is the basis of their analytical determination by flame photometry or atomic absorption spectroscopy. One of the most remarkable features of the alkali metals is their ready solubility in liquid ammonia to give bright blue, metastable solutions with unusual properties. The chapter also discusses the methods of production of alkali metals. Lithium carbonate is the most important industrial compound of lithium and is the starting point for the production of most other lithium compounds.
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Publisher Summary
This chapter discusses the discovery, isolation, abundance, and distribution of the alkali metals—lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. The group 1 elements are soft, low-melting metals that crystallize with bcc lattices. All elements are silvery-white except cesium, which is golden yellow in color. Lithium is harder than sodium but softer than lead. The chapter illustrates the atomic, general, physical, and chemical properties of alkali metals. All the alkali metals have characteristic flame colorations because of the ready excitation of the outermost electron, and this is the basis of their analytical determination by flame photometry or atomic absorption spectroscopy. One of the most remarkable features of the alkali metals is their ready solubility in liquid ammonia to give bright blue, metastable solutions with unusual properties. The chapter also discusses the methods of production of alkali metals. Lithium carbonate is the most important industrial compound of lithium and is the starting point for the production of most other lithium compounds.
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