How many features of shadgunya policy said by kautilya?
Answers
Explanation:
ABSTRACT
In this article, we examine the question whether a premodern Indian author, Kautilya, who addressed statecraft and intelligence in a scholarly fashion, might bear a meaning for contemporary Intelligence Studies. Kautilya, a near-contemporary of Aristotle and Alexander the Great, viewed intelligence as a central feature of statecraft. While not yet employing the category ‘intelligence’, the concept of intelligence is very much present in Kautilya’s opus magnum Arthashastra, which can be translated as ‘Textbook of Statecraft and Political Economy’. Kautilya provides a detailed account of intelligence collection, processing, consumption, and covert operations, as indispensable means for maintaining and expanding the security and power of the state. His understanding of intelligence analysis is outstanding, albeit mostly not explicitly elaborated. In the following, we explore Kautilya’s doctrine of intelligence and statecraft, as well as its contemporary relevance, in a ‘scale-model’ approach, as to demonstrate the validity and meaningfulness of pursuing research on that subject on a broader scale, as well as with greater depth.
Answer:
The idea of the Raja Mandala or Circle of States and the Shadguna or six-fold diplomatic policy, which can miraculously include all facet of contemporary foreign policy, are elaborated on by Kautilya in the Arthashastra.
Explanation:
Sandhi, Vigraha, Asana, Yana, Sansraya, and Dvaidhibhava are the six principles.
Sandhi:
For a weaker nation with a strong enemy, sandhi (making peace with them) has been recommended. When your enemy is stronger than you, avoid engaging him in combat and instead reach an agreement under his terms and circumstances, such as a troop, treasure, or territorial surrender.
Vigraha:
Vigraha, or the policy of animosity, has been recommended for stronger nations with comparably weaker adversaries. Defensive and offensive hostility policies are two possible manifestations of enmity.
Asana:
The Asana is essentially a posture of silence. It entails waiting for the opponent to get weaker, either through facing challenges or engaging in combat on a different front.
Yana:
Yana, or "March or Expedition," is a direct expression of a Vigraha policy and is to be used when you are confident that you will defeat and destroy your adversary.
Sansraya:
Sansraya denotes finding refuge with a different monarch. It is advisable to ask another Monarch or another town, fort, etc. for protection if a king is weak and is under attack by a strong enemy.
Dvaidhibhava:
Dvaidhibhava alludes to Sandhi's dual strategy of dealing with one king at a time while Vigraha dealt with another. It is advised for a King who is powerful enough to fight but would lose without the support of an ally.