How many kilometres per litre will a car obtain if its engine is 25% efficient and it encounters an average retarding force of 500N. Assume that the energy content of petrol is 40MJ/litre?
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At 25% efficiency, 20*10^5 J (=2 MJ) of chemical (fuel) energy will be required. That will require 1/20 of a liter of gas, since you get 40 MJ of energy per lier. The gas mileage is the reciprocal of that, 20 km per litre.
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