HOW MANY TYPE OF REPRODUCTION
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Asexual reproduction. There are many types of asexual reproduction. Four major types are: 1) Binary fission: Single parent cell doubles its DNA, then divides into two cells.
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Answer:
4 main types of reproduction.
Explanation:
Types of reproduction
There are two major forms of reproduction: sexual and asexual.
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction requires two parents. Each parent contributes a gamete - a sex cell that has half of the normal DNA of a regular body cell. In males, the gametes are sperm and in females, the gametes are eggs.
When these two gamete combine during fertilization, the result is a zygote, which then continues to develop into an embryo.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction requires only one parent.
There are many types of asexual reproduction. Four major types are:
1) Binary fission: Single parent cell doubles its DNA, then divides into two cells. Usually occurs in bacteria.
2) Budding: Small growth on surface of parent breaks off to continue growing into adulthood. Occurs in yeast and some animals
3) Fragmentation: Organisms break into two or more fragments that develop into a new individual. Occurs in many plants, as well as some animals (like coral, sponges, and starfish).
4) Parthenogenesis: An embryo develops from an unfertilized cell. Occurs in invertebrates, as well as in some fish, amphibians, and reptiles.
Common mistakes and misconceptions
Sexual reproduction is not necessarily "better" than asexual reproduction, or vice versa. If one type of reproduction was clearly advantageous over the other, we would see all organisms reproducing in that manner. However, both types of reproduction still exist in various organisms, telling us that each type of reproduction carries some kind of evolutionary advantage.
For example, sexual reproduction allows for variation, but gestation usually takes a long time and it requires heavy parental input. Asexual reproduction occurs quickly, but because all of the offspring have the same genetic information, individuals are more susceptible to disease.
Budding and fragmentation are not the same thing. Although they do appear similar, in fragmentation, the parent body breaks into distinct fragments and each fragment develops into a new individual or offspring. In budding, there must be an outgrowth (bud) that develops on the parent.
Some organisms are able to do both sexual and asexual reproduction. This is particularly true for fungi and plants (and rarely, animals - as in parthenogenesis). Often, the type of reproduction that they undergo depends on their environmental conditions or the point in their growth cycles.
Although sexual reproduction requires two parents, they do not always have to be two separate individuals. This may sound confusing, but some organisms are hermaphroditic, meaning they contain both male and female gametes. In this instance, those organisms are able to self-fertilize. Despite the fact that these gametes come from the same individual, we still consider this sexual reproduction, as two gametes are involved.