Question

How microbes survive in harsh climatic conditions like cold climate and hot springs

Answer 1

by adverse conditions i’m assuming you mean conditions which are adverse for them(say, for archaea, normal conditions are temperatures around 100 degrees celcius, it’s adverse for us, but normal for them, they would die in normal conditions). some survive by forming endospores, which is a latent stage with minimal function. endospores can survive highly adverse conditions, when the surrounding environment becomes favourable again, the spores germinate and gives rise to vegetative cells. this is only for spore forming microorganisms(mostly bacteria). non-spore formers usually die, but some of them can exist in a wide range of environmental conditions in their vegetative state.

Answer 2

hope this will hep you..