How might the ideas of the Enlightenment influence the French Revolution? i need 2 examples
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The Enlightenment influenced the French Revolution in some major areas. First, it transformed the monarchy. It ushered in the new concept of the Republic. ... TheEnlightenment philosophers began to contest the dogma of the Catholic Church, which considered earthly life to be a simple passage towards eternal life.
In the Enlightenment, people had new ideas about government. This gave the French the perfect way to have their country work well.
John Locke, an Enlightenment thinker, said that no king should have absolute power. He believed in a constitutional monarchy, which basically meant he thought that any ruler should have rules to follow too. He also believed in a social contract: people give a little of their freedom to their ruler, but he/she cannot take away their natural rights, the rights that they are born with, and they have the right to get rid of him/her if he/she is a bad ruler. The French liked these ideas.
Baron de Montesquieu believed in a separation of powers into three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial). He said they should hold equal power so it did not become a despotism (tyranny). His ideas were influential in many countries, including America.
Voltaire, an Enlightenment writer, thought that people should have the right to free speech and religious freedom, which they did not really have. This idea became an important part of all Enlightenment thinking and many governments.
Cesare Beccaria thought people should be allowed a fair and speedy trial with no torture and no "cruel and unusual punishments," an idea prized in many countries that had poor legal systems. He also disagreed with capital punishment (execution).
Mary Wollstonecraft and Olympe de Gouges believed in equal rights for everyone, including women. De Gouges, a French woman, was executed for her beliefs.
The French believed in the ideas of these thinkers, as well as other popular Enlightenment ideas, so they tried to overthrow their government. The revolution was, unfortunately, very poorly planned and resulted in chaos, the opposite of what they aimed for. It turned into a bloodbath, many people were guillotined. A very harsh tyrant, Napolean Bonaparte was put in charge of the country.
Explanation:
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The French philosophes, who developed and wrote about Enlightenment ideas, inspired the French Revolution. For example, Montesquieu wrote in The Spirit of the Laws (1753) that a constitutional monarchy afforded the greatest freedom to the people because the power was split between the monarch and the parliament, checking the power of each. The English, he believed, had a superior form of government because the British king was checked by the parliament and the courts. During the early phases of the French Revolution, many leading revolutionaries, such as the Comte de Mirabeau, advocated the creation of a constitutional monarchy, but this did not come to pass. When the French king, Louis XVI, tried to flee to Varennes, it was obvious that he was not interested in sharing power with the legislative branch of government. Therefore, the French Revolution began with a republic rather than a constitutional monarchy.
Rousseau, another Enlightenment thinker, also inspired the French Revolution. His idea of the social contract between the government and the governed was at the root of the French Revolution (and the earlier American Revolution). Many statements in the Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) are derived from his ideas. For example, "men are born and remain free and equal in rights" in the Declaration of the Rights of Man comes from his statement in the Social Contract that "man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains." Rousseau wrote the following:
"The problem is to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before. This is the fundamental problem of which the Social Contract provides the solution."
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