How much area was covered in chinese civilization???
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There is 26.05 percent area is covered in Chinese cultivation
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1766 BCE: traditional date for the founding of the first historic dynasty in China, the Shang dynasty
1122 BCE: Western Zhou dynasty founded after the overthrow of the last Shang king
771 BCE: Eastern Zhou dynasty period begins after the sack of the Western Zhou capital; the first phase is traditionally divided into two: the Spring and Autumn (771-481 BCE) and the Warring States (481-221 BCE) periods
551-479 BCE: Confucius, China’s preeminent philosopher, lives
221 BCE: The First Emperor, Qin Shih Huang, completes the conquest of all other Chinese states
202 BCE: The Han dynasty founded, after several years of chaos following the fall of the Qin
220 CE: the fall of the Han dynasty is a convenient marker for the end point of the ancient period of Chinese history.
The location of ancient Chinese civilization
China is a vast country with a huge range of terrains and climates within it. As well as the country’s sheer size, geographical features such as mountain ranges, deserts and coastlands have all helped shape Chinese history. Above all, the great river systems of China, the Yellow River to the north and the Yangtze to the south, which have given Chinese civilization its distinctive character.
The Yellow River region
The civilization of ancient China first developed in the Yellow River region of northern China, in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE. A large part of this area is covered by loess soil. This very fine earth has blown in from the highlands of central Asia over thousands of years, and makes one of the most fertile soils in the world. In ancient times, the main crop in northern China was millet, a highly nutritious food still grown in many parts of the world as a major crop.
The Yangtze Valley region
To the south, the great Yangtze valley, with its warm, wet climate, was the first area in the world where rice was grown, sometime before 5000 BCE. From this region rice cultivation spread far and wide across southern China and into south-east Asia.
Rice is one of the most nutritious plants known to humans – three or four times as nutritious as wheat. This means that, other things being equal, a much larger number of people can be supported from the same area of land with a rice crop than with a wheat crop.
Between the rivers
Away from the great river valleys, hills, forests and swamplands covered much of China at this time. These would later be covered by dense populations of farmers, but in ancient times these regions were home to many small groups of people who practised some farming, but who also hunted animals and gathered plants for a living. The hilly or swampy landscapes of these regions were not really suited for intensive farming; it would not be until pressure of population elsewhere encouraged landowners and peasants to make the investment needed to prepare the land sufficiently for cultivation. This would involve clearing forests, terracing hillsides and draining lakes and marshes.
The Steppes
To the north and west of the Yellow River region are the wide plains of central Asia. Here, the harsh deserts and dry grasslands are unsuitable for growing crops, and the inhabitants’ traditional economy has been based on pastoralism. Although this landscape has not been able to support a large population, the people’s nomadic lifestyle has made them inured to the dangers and hardships of war, and throughout China’s history, starting early in the ancient period, the Chinese have faced recurrent threats from this quarter.
Farming was possible in central Asia only in the scattered oases. From an early date, these hosted villages which were in contact with one another, in a chain covering thousands of miles across Asia, right to the Middle East and beyond (what would much later be called the “Silk Road”). Along this chain, luxury goods were exchanged and new techniques learned about. Modern scholars believe that skills in working with metals, and in particular, making bronze objects, came to China from the Middle East via this route.
The Cradle of Chinese Civilization
The Yellow River region is regarded as the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. It was here that the earliest Chinese dynasties were based. Indeed, throughout the ancient period of China’s history it was the Yellow River region which formed the heart of the Chinese world, and it was from here that Chinese civilization spread out into adjacent areas, including the Yangtze region. By the end of the Han dynasty, the final chapter of ancient Chinese history, all of modern China except the outlying regions of Tibet, Xinjiang, most of the northeast (what was Manchuria) and parts of Yunnan in the south-west had been more or less incorporated into the world of Chinese civilization.
1122 BCE: Western Zhou dynasty founded after the overthrow of the last Shang king
771 BCE: Eastern Zhou dynasty period begins after the sack of the Western Zhou capital; the first phase is traditionally divided into two: the Spring and Autumn (771-481 BCE) and the Warring States (481-221 BCE) periods
551-479 BCE: Confucius, China’s preeminent philosopher, lives
221 BCE: The First Emperor, Qin Shih Huang, completes the conquest of all other Chinese states
202 BCE: The Han dynasty founded, after several years of chaos following the fall of the Qin
220 CE: the fall of the Han dynasty is a convenient marker for the end point of the ancient period of Chinese history.
The location of ancient Chinese civilization
China is a vast country with a huge range of terrains and climates within it. As well as the country’s sheer size, geographical features such as mountain ranges, deserts and coastlands have all helped shape Chinese history. Above all, the great river systems of China, the Yellow River to the north and the Yangtze to the south, which have given Chinese civilization its distinctive character.
The Yellow River region
The civilization of ancient China first developed in the Yellow River region of northern China, in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE. A large part of this area is covered by loess soil. This very fine earth has blown in from the highlands of central Asia over thousands of years, and makes one of the most fertile soils in the world. In ancient times, the main crop in northern China was millet, a highly nutritious food still grown in many parts of the world as a major crop.
The Yangtze Valley region
To the south, the great Yangtze valley, with its warm, wet climate, was the first area in the world where rice was grown, sometime before 5000 BCE. From this region rice cultivation spread far and wide across southern China and into south-east Asia.
Rice is one of the most nutritious plants known to humans – three or four times as nutritious as wheat. This means that, other things being equal, a much larger number of people can be supported from the same area of land with a rice crop than with a wheat crop.
Between the rivers
Away from the great river valleys, hills, forests and swamplands covered much of China at this time. These would later be covered by dense populations of farmers, but in ancient times these regions were home to many small groups of people who practised some farming, but who also hunted animals and gathered plants for a living. The hilly or swampy landscapes of these regions were not really suited for intensive farming; it would not be until pressure of population elsewhere encouraged landowners and peasants to make the investment needed to prepare the land sufficiently for cultivation. This would involve clearing forests, terracing hillsides and draining lakes and marshes.
The Steppes
To the north and west of the Yellow River region are the wide plains of central Asia. Here, the harsh deserts and dry grasslands are unsuitable for growing crops, and the inhabitants’ traditional economy has been based on pastoralism. Although this landscape has not been able to support a large population, the people’s nomadic lifestyle has made them inured to the dangers and hardships of war, and throughout China’s history, starting early in the ancient period, the Chinese have faced recurrent threats from this quarter.
Farming was possible in central Asia only in the scattered oases. From an early date, these hosted villages which were in contact with one another, in a chain covering thousands of miles across Asia, right to the Middle East and beyond (what would much later be called the “Silk Road”). Along this chain, luxury goods were exchanged and new techniques learned about. Modern scholars believe that skills in working with metals, and in particular, making bronze objects, came to China from the Middle East via this route.
The Cradle of Chinese Civilization
The Yellow River region is regarded as the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. It was here that the earliest Chinese dynasties were based. Indeed, throughout the ancient period of China’s history it was the Yellow River region which formed the heart of the Chinese world, and it was from here that Chinese civilization spread out into adjacent areas, including the Yangtze region. By the end of the Han dynasty, the final chapter of ancient Chinese history, all of modern China except the outlying regions of Tibet, Xinjiang, most of the northeast (what was Manchuria) and parts of Yunnan in the south-west had been more or less incorporated into the world of Chinese civilization.
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