how much electricity generate when 36 inch of water fall down from 20 feet?
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Small Scale Hydro Power is an important energy source with multiple advantages over other forms of renewable energy, and if designed and installed correctly, has very few environmental risks. As the potential energy of flowing water is readily available, small scale hydro power systems can exploit this free energy providing a low cost and reliable source of “green electricity”.
But what do we mean by a “small scale hydro” system. Small scale hydro power systems are scaled down versions of the much larger hydro generating stations we see using big dams and reservoirs to supply power to millions of people. Depending upon the physical size, head height and electrical power generating capacity, small hydroelectric schemes can be categorised into small, mini and micro scale hydro schemes as follows:
Small Scale Hydro Power: is a scheme that generates electrical power of between 100kW (kilo-watts) and 1MW (mega-watts) feeding this generated power directly into the utility grid or as part of a large stand alone scheme powering more than one household.
Mini Scale Hydro Power: is a scheme that generates power between 5kW and 100 kW, feeding it directly into the utility grid or as part of a battery charging or AC powered stand alone system.
Micro Scale Hydro Power: is usually the classification given to a small home made run-of-river type scheme that use DC generator designs to produce electrical power between a few hundred watts up to 5kW as part of a battery charging stand alone system.
small scale hydro house
Example of Small Scale Hydro
Small scale hydro power systems, as well as Mini Hydro Systems or Micro Hydro Systems, can be designed using either waterwheels or impulse type hydro turbines. The generation potential of a particular site will depend upon the amount of flow of the water, the available head which in turn is dependant upon the site conditions and location and the rainfall characteristics of the site.
If there is sufficient head and flow, small hydro power plants can be driven directly from a river or stream, called a “run-of-river” system built into or at the side of a river or a stream without the need to dam, divert or change the flow of water in any way. Making them the cheapest solution for generating power.
In a.
How Much Power can we Extract from the Water
Waterwheels and water turbines are great for any small scale hydro power scheme as they extract the kinetic energy from the moving water and convert this energy into mechanical energy which drives an electrical generator producing a power output. The maximum amount of electrical power that can be obtained from a river or stream of flowing water depends upon the amount of power within the flowing water at that particular point. As the water is moving a hydroelectric system converts this kinetic input power into electrical output power.
In order to determine the power potential of the water flowing in a river or stream, it is necessary to determine both the flow rate of the water passing a point in a given time and the vertical head height through which the water needs to fall. The theoretical power within the water can be calculated as follows:
Power (P) = Flow Rate (Q) x Head (H) x Gravity (g) x Water Density (ρ)
Where Q is in m3/s, H in metres and g is the gravitational constant, 9.81 m/s2 and ρ is the density of water, 1,000kg/m3 or 1,0kg/litre.
Then we can see that the maximum theoretical power that is available in the water is proportional to the product of “Head x Flow”, as the pull of gravity on the water and the water density is always a constant. Therefore, P = 1.0 x 9.81 x Q x H (kW).
But the water turbine is not perfect and some input power is lost within the turbine due to friction and other such inefficiencies. Most modern water turbines have an efficiency rating of between 80 and 95%, depending upon the type, reaction or impulse so the effective power of a small scale hydro power system can be given as:
Available Power from Hydro System
Hydro Power Equation
Where: η (eta) is the efficiency of the turbine or waterwheel.
Small Scale Hydro Example No1
A small stream drops 20 meters down the side
Hydro Power Example
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But what do we mean by a “small scale hydro” system. Small scale hydro power systems are scaled down versions of the much larger hydro generating stations we see using big dams and reservoirs to supply power to millions of people. Depending upon the physical size, head height and electrical power generating capacity, small hydroelectric schemes can be categorised into small, mini and micro scale hydro schemes as follows:
Small Scale Hydro Power: is a scheme that generates electrical power of between 100kW (kilo-watts) and 1MW (mega-watts) feeding this generated power directly into the utility grid or as part of a large stand alone scheme powering more than one household.
Mini Scale Hydro Power: is a scheme that generates power between 5kW and 100 kW, feeding it directly into the utility grid or as part of a battery charging or AC powered stand alone system.
Micro Scale Hydro Power: is usually the classification given to a small home made run-of-river type scheme that use DC generator designs to produce electrical power between a few hundred watts up to 5kW as part of a battery charging stand alone system.
small scale hydro house
Example of Small Scale Hydro
Small scale hydro power systems, as well as Mini Hydro Systems or Micro Hydro Systems, can be designed using either waterwheels or impulse type hydro turbines. The generation potential of a particular site will depend upon the amount of flow of the water, the available head which in turn is dependant upon the site conditions and location and the rainfall characteristics of the site.
If there is sufficient head and flow, small hydro power plants can be driven directly from a river or stream, called a “run-of-river” system built into or at the side of a river or a stream without the need to dam, divert or change the flow of water in any way. Making them the cheapest solution for generating power.
In a.
How Much Power can we Extract from the Water
Waterwheels and water turbines are great for any small scale hydro power scheme as they extract the kinetic energy from the moving water and convert this energy into mechanical energy which drives an electrical generator producing a power output. The maximum amount of electrical power that can be obtained from a river or stream of flowing water depends upon the amount of power within the flowing water at that particular point. As the water is moving a hydroelectric system converts this kinetic input power into electrical output power.
In order to determine the power potential of the water flowing in a river or stream, it is necessary to determine both the flow rate of the water passing a point in a given time and the vertical head height through which the water needs to fall. The theoretical power within the water can be calculated as follows:
Power (P) = Flow Rate (Q) x Head (H) x Gravity (g) x Water Density (ρ)
Where Q is in m3/s, H in metres and g is the gravitational constant, 9.81 m/s2 and ρ is the density of water, 1,000kg/m3 or 1,0kg/litre.
Then we can see that the maximum theoretical power that is available in the water is proportional to the product of “Head x Flow”, as the pull of gravity on the water and the water density is always a constant. Therefore, P = 1.0 x 9.81 x Q x H (kW).
But the water turbine is not perfect and some input power is lost within the turbine due to friction and other such inefficiencies. Most modern water turbines have an efficiency rating of between 80 and 95%, depending upon the type, reaction or impulse so the effective power of a small scale hydro power system can be given as:
Available Power from Hydro System
Hydro Power Equation
Where: η (eta) is the efficiency of the turbine or waterwheel.
Small Scale Hydro Example No1
A small stream drops 20 meters down the side
Hydro Power Example
mark me brainlist plz plz
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