how ohm's law is applicable in capacitors and inductors during solving electrical engineering problems associating with voltage current characteristics?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperature remain constant.
Mathematically, this current-voltage relationship can be written as,
Ohm's Law Equation
In the equation, the constant of proportionality, R is Resistance and has units of ohms, with symbol Ω.
The same formula can be rewritten in order to calculate the current and resistance respectively as follows:
Ohm's Law Equation
Ohm's Law Equation
Ohm’s law only holds true if the provided temperature and the other physical factors remain constant. In certain components, increasing the current raises the temperature. An example of this is the filament of a light bulb, in which the temperature rises as the current is increased. In this case, Ohm’s law cannot be applied. The lightbulb filament violates Ohm’s Law.
Ohm’s Law Statement: Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperature, remain constant.
Ohm’s Law Equation: V = IR, where V is the voltage across the conductor, I is the current flowing through the conductor and R is the resistance provided by the conductor to the flow of current.
Relationship Between Voltage, Current and Resistance
Current-Voltage Relationship
Analyzing row 1,2 and 3, we come to understand that doubling and tripling the voltage leads to doubling and a tripling of the current in the circuit. Likewise, when we compare rows 1 and 4 and rows 2 and 5, we come to understand that doubling the total resistance serves to halve the current in the circuit.
Water Pipe Analogy for Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law describes the current flow through a resistance when different electric potentials (voltage) are applied at each end of the resistance. Since we can’t see electrons, the water-pipe analogy helps us understand the electric circuits better. Water flowing through pipes is a good mechanical system that is analogous to an electrical circuit.
Waterpipe analogy
Here, the voltage is analogous to water pressure, the current is the amount of water flowing through the pipe, and the resistance is the size of the pipe. More water will flow through the pipe (current) when more pressure is applied (voltage) and the bigger the pipe, (lower the resistance).
The video below shows the physical demonstration of the Waterpipe analogy and explains to you the factors that affect the flow of current.
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Experimental Verification of Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law can be easily verified by the following experiment:
Appartus Required:
Resistor
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Battery
Plug Key
Rheostat
Circuit Diagram:
Experimental Verification of Ohm's Law
Procedure:
Initially, the key K is closed and the rheostat is adjusted to get the minimum reading in Ammeter A and voltmeter.
The current in the circuit is increased gradually by moving the sliding terminal of the rheostat. During the process, the current flowing in the circuit and the corresponding value of potential difference across the resistance wire R are recorded.
This way different sets of values of voltage and current are obtained.