Question

how PCR works_____??​

Answer 1

Answer:

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how PCR works_____??

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Basically, PCR is DNA replication on a grander scale. The polymerase chain reaction relies on the use of several essential chemical ingredients, including the following:

• A DNA polymerase: A major limitation of early PCR method was that fresh DNA polymerase had to be added during every cycle. This repetitive step was not just tedious, but it also greatly increased the likelihood of error. Mullis and colleagues addressed this deficiency just a year later when they demonstrated how a particular type of thermostable DNA polymerase often referred to by its popular nickname Taq polymerase a heat-resistant enzyme isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, eliminated the need to add fresh olymerase during life cycle. Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacterium that can survive temperatures up to 95°C. In fact, its natural habitat is the hot spring ecosystem of Yellowstone National Park. This innovation greatly improved the quantity and quality of PCR products.

• A small amount of DNA to serve as the initial template (nanograms).
• The four types of deoxyribonucleotides to serve as substrates for the DNA polymerase and the raw ingredients for formation of new DNA molecules.
• A few necessary ions and salts.
• A pair of primers (small chemically synthesized oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA) with exposed 3'-OH groups that will bind to the particular sequence of interest in the DNA template.