How permanent members becomes more powerful than others. Explain.
Answers
Answer:
Permanent Members
According to Oppenheim's International Law : United Nations, "Permanent membership in the Security Council was granted to five states based on their importance in the aftermath of World War II." Sometimes referred to as the P5, the permanent members of the Security Council have a unique role that has evolved over time.
UN Research Resources on the P5:
Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council
Repertory of Practice of UN Organs
List of Vetoes
Non-permanent Members
The membership of the Security Council is one of the most debated aspects of the United Nations. The matter of non-permanent membership has been discussed continually since 1945. In addition to discussions during the drafting of the Charter, the topic has been raised both in and out of formal UN meetings, in informal forums and scholarly articles. The question of the composition of the Security Council has been examined both within the UN in various bodies and by outside organizations, scholars and researchers. Over time, there have been many proposals and positions put forward.
Membership of Security Council
Security Council website members database provides states elected, states never elected, and membership by year
Ask DAG: Which countries have been members of the Security Council? lists membership by year and links to meetings at which elections were held
UN Member States on the Record has information on when a country was a member of the Security Council, among other things
Equitable Geographic Representation
The question of how to apportion the available seats among regional groups has been debated repeatedly. In 1953 when the General Assembly met to elect non-permanent members to the Security Council, the delegate of the USSR referred to an oral "gentleman’s agreement" about the number of seats to be accorded various regions (A/PV.450). Until the amendment of the Charter in accordance with A/RES/1991 (XVIII), there was no formally prescribed number of seats for any region.
From 1994-2009, the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters related to the Security Council was the main UN body charged with discussing this matter. The reports of the Working Group provide an overview of their proposals, discussions and recommendations. The following information about the Working Group is from the UN Charter research guide:
Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters related to the Security Council
Established by A/RES/48/26 of 3 Dec. 1993
Working documents series symbol A/AC.247/-
Sessional reports
Supplement 47 of the General Assembly Official Records (GAOR)
A/session/47
example: A/63/47
Search results in Digital Library for sessional reports
Last reported to General Assembly in 63rd session
Additional proposals:
A/59/565: Note transmitting A more secure world : our shared responsibility : report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change
A/59/L.64: Security Council reform : draft resolution ; also known as the Group of 4 proposal for the initial sponsors of the draft resolution: Japan, Brazil, Germany, India
UN Research Resources on Equitable Representation
Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council
Repertory of Practice of UN Organs
Ask DAG: How are countries elected to membership in UN bodies?
Research Suggestions
There are many ways to approach research on this topic.
One way is to begin with a general internet search to find positions by think tanks, NGOs or organizations. Much has been published online. Keep in mind general principles of research and carefully evaluate the perspective or opinion of the author and the quality and source of the information provided.
Another way is to begin with secondary resources such as books and articles, including scholarly sources on the United Nations. These resources often cite relevant UN documents, which can then be found in the UN Digital Library or other sources. The Resource pages of the research guides on the Security Council and the UN Charter can provide some starting points for research on secondary sources.
Answer:
The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five sovereign states to whom the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
The permanent members were all allies in World War II (and the victors of that war), and are also all states with nuclear weapons (though not all five had developed nuclear weapons prior to the formation of the United Nations). The remaining 10 members of the council are elected by the General Assembly, giving a total of 15 UN member states. All five permanent members have the power of veto, which enables any one of them to prevent the adoption of any "substantive" draft Council resolution, regardless of its level of international support.