how phosphorous have 5 bonds.?How to calculate bonds of a element..? If you answer correctly I will mark as brainliest answer believe me..
Answers
Phosphorus have 5 bonds because phosphorus contains 5 unpaired electrons that's why phosphorus could make 5 bonds. The bonds of an element is calculated by no. of electrons present on the last shell of element.
Answer:
Hey answer given by the above person is not 100% correct...
Actually Phosphorus has following electronic configuration...
P --> [Ne]10 3s^2 3p^3.....
But where are 5 unpaired electrons...?
3s^2 is paired yarr.....
Only 3p orbitals have 3 unpaired electrons.... One electron in each
3px , 3py and 3pz....
So it can form only 3 bonds....
But we have seen compounds of phosphorus in which it has formed 5 bonds like PCl5...
So how it's possible..?
Actually you have studied that in second period elements only following orbitals are present => 1s , 2s , 2p....
But from 3rd period and in higher periods d orbitals are also present... But in 3rd period there is no electron present in d orbitals in normal conditions...
But in higher periods d orbitals too contains electrons in it....
You may have studied that an electron in an atom on getting energy is excited to higher energy levels.....
When atoms come close to form bonds there are so many energy conversions...
For example, when phosphorus reacts with chlorine to form phosphorus chloride following reaction takes place =>
P + Cl2 --> PCl5....
When bonds are going to be formed between P and Cl atom... Cl2 molecule breaks into two Cl atoms... When they break energy is released... This energy is sufficient for exciting electrons in phosphorus... But how Cl2 bonds breaks itself...? Actually it doesn't break itself and no energy from outside is required for that... When Cl2 molecule comes closer to phosphorus attractions between electrons of Cl and nucleus of P and that between electrons of P and nucleus of Cl is enough to cause disturbance between the two Cl atoms in Cl2 that it breaks....
So on excitation of electrons one electron from 3s orbital in phosphorus atom move to empty d orbital.... So now there are 5 unpaired electrons... 3s^1 3p^3 3d^1.... So it can form 5 bonds now...
Similarly oxygen do not have d orbitals as it is a second period element so it can only form two bonds... But sulphur being in the same group can form 6 bonds as in SF6.... Sulphur hexaflouride....
This is because S --> [Ne]10 3s^2 3p^4....only two unpaired electron as 3s^2 is paired and one of the 3px , 3py or 3pz have two paired electrons....
So on excitation it becomes --> [Ne]10 3s^1 3p^3 3d^2 six unpaired electrons and therefore 6 bonds...
Thanks.... This is a good concept of Chemestry... Don't you think...?